London
The East London Docklands area, Borough of Newham, is yet another example of the consequences of global city-port development processes. Once the largest area of impounded dock water in the world, attracting high number immigrants, it began to change in the late 60s.
As in Dublin and Hamburg, after the major port functions had been moved out of the city, it became one of the most deprived areas in London, now undergoing urban renewal. Immigrants, most of whom are refugees, have continued to settle in the Borough.
Competition for scarce resources often causes tensions between 'locals' and 'newcomers'. Some of the most deprived neighbourhoods of Newham, populated by refugees, are on the edge of areas affected by gentrification. Higher income residents are moving in, pushing up housing and other prices.
An increasing number of NGOs and refugee community organisations deal with this socially excluded segments of the population.